Properties

Datatypes can use properties to store data. You can get an overview of the properties of a datatype via the Patch Explorer.

Image:Properties listed in the PatchExplorer

You can add and remove properties via the Patch Explorer, but specifically for adding properties, you'd often simply create Pads.

If you're coming from textual programming, you may also think of properties as "variables" with the caveat that they can only be written to once per operation!

Pads

In a patch, Pads are used to get (read data from) or set (write data to) properties. Pads refer to properties via name, meaning all Pads with the same name refer to one and the same property. Names are case-sensitive!

In every operation you can assume that first always all Pads are read from. Then all its operations are executed and only as the last step all Pads are written to.

If a link goes into a Pad (from above), data is written into this Pad. If a link leaves a Pad (at the bottom), data is read from this Pad.

Pads can have multiple links coming in and/or going out. Note though, that while multiple links can go out on the same operation, all incoming links need to be on different operations! Think about it this way: Pads cannot be used to store intermediate values during the execution of an operation. They can only be used to store data between the execution of different operations.

A little triangle above a Pad is a hint that there is a Pad with the same name in the patch that is also written to.

Image:Different operations writing to the same Pad

Adding Pads

You can add Pads via Nodebrowser in three different ways:

1. Enter the name of the Pad you want to create and then choose the entry Pad.
2. Choose the entry Pad and then enter a name
3. Choose from the list of existing properties that are listed in the Nodebrowser

Renaming Pads

Doubleclick a Pad's name to change it. When renaming a Pad, only this one instance is renamed and eventually referring to a different property. If a property with the new name of a Pad did not exist so far, a new property is automatically added at this point!

To rename all Pads that share a name at the same time, rename the property via the Patch Explorer instead.

Anonymous Pads

Pads without a name are called "anonymous Pads". They don't refer to a property but still allow you to store data between the call of multiple operations.

You can quickly insert an anonymous Pad into a link, by pressing Shift while doubleclicking the link.

You can also use anonymous Pads simply as a hub to join many links into one.

Image:Anonymous Pad use as a hub for multiple links

The datatype of a property

A property's datatype can either be:

1. Generic
2. Inferred
3. Annotated

ad 1) Generic By default properties are generic, meaning they don't have a datatype assigned. On Pads this is visible when they are only showing the outline of a circle.

Properties are generic as long as none of their associated Pads are have a datatype either inferred or annotated.

ad 2) Inferred If the compiler has inferred a type for a Pad from the links that are connected to it, it is showing as a filled circle. You can see the inferred datatype in the Pad's tooltip by hovering it.

Image:Generic Pad vs. Pad with a datatype inferred

ad 3) Annotated To set the type for a property manually, you can annotate one of its Pads. Middleclick a Pad to open a little inspector where you can edit its type. As an alternative to the middleclick you can rightclick the Pad's label and choose -> Configure.

Image:Annotating a Pad

You can recognize Pads that are annotated manually as they have a dot in their circle.

Image:Annotated Pad

Pads vs. IOBoxes

A Pad and an IOBox are essentially the same thing: While the IOBox has a value editor and a comment (on its right side), a Pad has a name (on its left side).

You can convert between the two via Rightclick -> Replace...

You can also enable the value editor for any Pad or hide it for any IOBox.